How did the U.S. react when the British successfully reclaimed the Falkland Islands from Argentina, defying predictions from American military experts that it was unlikely?
During the Falklands War, I served as a U.S. Army Officer and later analyzed the campaign in-depth at the U.S. Navy War College. My research, along with discussions with British Army officers, brought several key points to light:
**Initial Doubts:** There were widespread doubts about the operation's success from various sources, including the U.S., NATO, and even some British leaders. Even after the decision to proceed, the operation faced numerous challenges.
**Air Cover Challenges:** The Royal Navy’s two carriers, *Hermes* and *Invincible*, carried about 30 Harrier jets but lacked an Airborne Early Warning (AEW) system, limiting their early detection capabilities and short-range air defense. The Argentine forces had A-4 Skyhawks, Mirage IIIs, and Super Etendards armed with Exocet missiles and bombs. As a result, the British carriers had to remain far offshore, which reduced their ability to protect San Carlos and detect Argentine air assaults.
**Logistics Struggles:** The lack of adequate air cover made supporting operations at San Carlos risky. The sinking of the *Atlantic Conveyor*, which was transporting Chinook helicopters, further exacerbated the logistical challenges. The British lost six ships, including destroyers, frigates, and a logistics vessel. Amphibious operations are always perilous until a secure base is established, and the Argentine Army’s strong presence could have seriously threatened the British landings.
**Outcome and Analysis:** Despite these risks, the British succeeded in completing a highly demanding mission. The Falklands campaign showcased the Royal Navy’s efficiency and the skill of the British Army and Royal Marines. The operation’s success was driven by the professionalism of British forces, decisive leadership from Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and strong command. In contrast, the Argentine forces were poorly trained and led.
**Comparison with U.S. Approach:** The U.S. would likely have approached the situation with more air power, better amphibious capabilities, and stronger logistical support. At the time, the U.S. underestimated British resolve, but the British demonstrated their military prowess in a campaign that is both commendable and worth studying closely.
